Liberal Arts And Conservative Arts Essay - 909 Words

Conclusion Josey Fowler HU 2651: Liberal Arts Core Seminar Dr. Brown Liberal arts prepare diligent students for success by providing them opportunities to learn about themselves and about others around them. The liberal arts shape students’ perspective making them become more diverse in how they view the world. It teaches students qualitative thought and quantitative thought and how those two types of thought come together to form conclusions and effective decisions. Not only does the liberal arts require students to think critically, but it also creates students who know how to write and speak efficiently. A student who know how to talk to people and knows how to explain their thought process will eventually become leaders and great citizens for society. The liberal arts create student who can think for themselves. With courses that encourage students to think, a liberal arts education generates students who will have unique perspectives and opinions on many subjects. The liberal arts prepare students to generate ideas that will continue to f acilitate discussions in and outside of school. Liberal arts prepare a student to think about their thought process. With quantitative information and qualitative information, students can learn how to express their thought process and any patterns that go along with the process. The liberal arts encourage students to collect information, analyze that information and then come up with conclusions or solutions forShow MoreRelatedThe Art Of Liberal Arts930 Words   |  4 PagesThe Art of Liberal Arts â€Å"I can’t go to a liberal-arts college. My parents are conservatives!† I told my eighth grade teacher. He laughed and then went on to explain what a liberal-arts college actually is. Like many others, I believed a common misperception about the liberal-arts. In â€Å"The New Liberal Arts† by Sanford J. Ungar, the writer explains wrong ideas about the liberal-arts to a college-based audience including students, professors, and administration. He explains the importance and relevanceRead MoreAnalysis Of The New Liberal Arts 1002 Words   |  5 Pagesof The New Liberal Arts Living in the Digital Age it is not uncommon to believe the STEM fields- science, technology, engineering, and mathematics- are far more superior degree choices than its outdated counterparts, the liberal arts. However, Sanford J. Ungar attempts to shed light on the highly scrutinized and critiqued liberal arts education by clearing up seven common misperceptions. In his essay, The New Liberal Arts, Ungar strings together counterarguments on why a liberal education stillRead MoreThe Influence Of Ideologies In The Formulation Of Social Policies1489 Words   |  6 Pagesclassifications given for ideologies. One of the most well-known classifications is the liberal-conservative-socialist view (Alcock, 2008). 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John Proctor An Honorable Man Free Essays

John is a man of strong moral beliefs, who is concerned only for the safety of his family and personal welfare. He does not care about the beliefs of any of the other people in the town and what his supervisor which is the Reverend, thinks either. After trying to avoid involvement in the witch trials he is later prosecuted for witchery and sentenced to hang. We will write a custom essay sample on John Proctor An Honorable Man or any similar topic only for you Order Now John tries to avoid any involvement in the Salem Witch trials. His reason for doing so is to protect his image because he is afraid he will be committed of adultery with Abigail Williams. Following these events he tries to save everyone’s lives by admitting to this adultery and ends up losing the trial along with his life. He did have a chance to live but instead of signing his name to keep his life, he wanted to die honorably with his friends not without a name, a soul, and with guilt. â€Å"John Proctors decision to die is reasonable and believable†. Reverend Parris, the Salem minister and Proctors immediate supervisor, says â€Å" there is either obedience or the church will burn like hell is burning.† John, on the other hand, â€Å"has come to regard his self as a king of fraud,† as long as he remains obedient to authority which he can’t respect. In other words he believes that he can’t be his true self when he has to follow the rules of lie and not by his morals. He thinks there is too much mention of hell in God’s church and about the dangers to the community to implicit in all this talk of witch craft. He is caught in a web of dilemmas involving not only his fate but his wife, his friends, and the entire Salem community. â€Å"John is the individual who must decide weather or not he will assert himself against an overbearing authoritarian government. † â€Å"His loyalty to his own but his rebellion against the church really involves none but is own welfare, and that in no profound way. Although all this goes on in the end the community of Salem lies on his decision on weather to lie dishonorably or die honorably. John Proctor is looked upon as a respectable farmer, and as a individualist, he may be but he is still respected. John does not respect the church especially when a reverend so corrupt is the superior. John Proctor is setup as the individual who is revolting form the restrictions of too much authority. He does not like â€Å"the smell of this authority. † Many men were believed to be tempted by the Devil to do his bidding and they were thought of to be the enemy. â€Å"In Salem, the enemy is at least partially represented by Proctor, who is acting as an individual and is breaking away from the established authority. † He is a threat to the community, and will be considered as being working with the Devil. The one looked upon as a threat, ultimately, the central figure of drama, but still seen as a Christian is seen to be John Proctor. That is why he needs to show the people of Salem that he really does not have an alliance with the devil and that he will die not as the enemy but as a friend. He must show them he is and was committed to the society before it started to become corrupt. John showing he will not live with shame, he will live without it or die. He does not want to be remembered like that, he wants to be remembered and looked upon as â€Å"John Proctor.† John has two choices, to commit himself to one side or the other. The two choices were to either live with lies, guilt, no name, and no soul or die for his friends and in an honorable and justifiable way. As he his handed the blank paper and pen to sign away his life he looks at his friends faces and reads their expressions like a book and somehow he reads that why give yourself away to the devil as a lie when you can die for what you believe in and with the people you love. He has to choose, his choice was to die which was a choice to commit himself to his friends and die honorable, and as a honest man. He states that â€Å"I have three children,how may I teach them to walk like men in the world, and I sold my friends? † He says if he is dishonorable to his friends then this would be stuck on his back along with his family’s, so if he was to choose to lie his kids would not look up to their own father as a role model and he would not be remembered as a friend but as a foe. They would think of him as a liar and not faithful to his friends and family. So this is why he chooses to die so he leaves this world with him being remembered as honorable not dishonorable not only to his family but to his friends. â€Å"As a result of his involvement, John finds himself accused at being a witch. After being trialed and condemned to death, John refuses to confess and â€Å"give them the lie they want† because of his pride and stubbornness. † John even though he doesn’t want to die for such a pathetic reason, he is faced with the obstacle of being completely against the other condemned witches, and by his confession, becoming partly responsible for the deaths of his friends. His choice was to die which was a choice and attempt to commit himself to his friends and die an honorable and honest man which made his death true and justifiable. How to cite John Proctor An Honorable Man, Papers

Pharmacology The Calcium Channel Blocker

Question: Write an essay on Pharmacology. Answer: Verapamil is an organic compound that is also a calcium channel blocker. It is used as a drug for the treatment of hypertension, cardiac arrhythmia, and angina pectoris. Verapamil has been extensively used as a vasodilator and is easily absorbed by the body after oral administration. On administration of the drug, it undergoes the far-reaching epatic metabolism through portal circulation, leading to a low bioavailability. The chief metabolic pathway of Verapamil involves N-dealkylation and N-demethylation. CYP3A4 is mainly responsible N-demethylation for the Verapamil. Piperine is an alkaloid which inhibits the CYP3A4 in the metabolic pathways. In of the studies it was reported that Piperine was found to inhibit the cytochrome P450 isoenzyme CYP3A4. Thus, it can be said that certain natural bionhancers mostly extracted parts of the plant promotes the bioavailability or biological activities of certain drugs consumed which are therapeutically used. Therefore, the aim of the current re port is to examine the effect of Piperine on the bioavailability of Verapamil (Rezaee et al., 2014). Material and methodology: The following materials and equipment were used as supplied by the manufacturer. All chemicals and reagents used were of analytical grade and any other available grade. Equipment used: Electronic weighing balance, REMI centrifuge, HPLC Assembly, Cyclo Mixer, Digital pH meter, Syringe filter, Incubator, Aspirator, Melting point apparatus (Moghadamnia, 2014). Animal study All study was carried out in healthy Wistar rats weighing between 200-250gm. The animals were procured from the disease-free animal house, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, KUK. Animals were housed (5 per cage) for two weeks for adaptation prior to starting the experiment. The dose of Verapamil was taken as 10 mg/kg, and a dose of Piperine was taken as 15 mg/kg (Feng et al., 2014). As discussed by Volak et al. (2013), each animal were anesthetized with Thiopental Sodium (50mg/kg i.p), and blood samples were collected retro-orbitally and throughout the experiment the body temperature was maintained at 37C in order to prevent hypothermic alteration in the blood circulation. Verapamil and Piperine were orally administered to the rats through gastric intubation on the day of the experiment. Blood samples (0.2 ml) were collected through retro-orbital at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24 h after the oral administration of verapamil (Feng et al., 2014). Figure- 1: Pictorial representation of retro-orbital method HPLC The plasma concentrations of verapamil were determined by HPLC assay described as follows. Perfusate samples were thawed at room temperature, centrifuged at 4000 rpm for 5min and supernatants were subjected to HPLC analysis. Though HPLC the mixture which needs to be separated and also analyzed were introduced in a small proportion into a stream of mobile phase through the use of a column. The mobile phase of used here was acetonitrile and the stationary phase was Kromasil KR 100-5C8 column. Pharmacokinetic analysis - As discussed by Kesarwani Gupta (2013), each animals were anaesthetized with Thiopental Sodium (50mg/kg i.p), and blood samples were collected retro-orbitally. During the experiment, the body temperature was maintained at 370.5C to prevent hypothermic alteration of blood circulation. Verapamil and Piperine was orally administered to the rats through gastric intubation on the day of experiment. Blood samples (approximately 0.2 ml) were collected through retro-orbital at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24 h after the oral administration of verapamil (Adams et al., 2014). Statistical analysis: Statistical analysis was conducted using one-way ANOVA followed by a posteriori testing with the Dunnett correction. Differences were considered significant at the level of P Result: All the means were presented with their standard deviation. The pharmacokinetic parameters on comparing with one-way ANOVA showed the significant statistical result. The mean plasma concentration-time profiles of verapamil pretreated with Piperin were characterized in Wistar rats. The use of Peperin enhanced the bioavailability of Verapamil (Singh et al., 2013).. Discussion: According to Kesarwani Gupta (2013), the active efflux and the intestinal metabolism of the drug absorbed have been recognized as a key determinant of the bioavailability of various drugs. It was observed that CYP3A4 was available as a major phase 1 drug metabolizing enzyme in the rats. This was present in a high level in the small intestine which is the primary site of the orally absorbed drug Verapamil. The intestinal phase I metabolism and also the active efflux of Verapamil was recognized as the main determinant of the bioavailability of several other drugs. The current study evaluated, the influence of Piperine, which is a natural enhancer, increases theCmaxand AUC of verapamil increased approximately two times in the rabbits pretreated with Piperin, as compared to Verapamil alone (Wang et al., 2013). Conclusion: Verapamil has been extensively used as a vasodilator and is easily absorbed by the body after oral administration. On administration of the drug, it undergoes the far-reaching epatic metabolism through portal circulation, leading to a low bioavailability. Piperine is an alkaloid which inhibits the CYP3A4 in the metabolic pathways. On the basis of the study conducted it can be concluded that Piperine has a positive effect on the bioavailability of the orally administered drug Verapamil. References: Adams, K. N., Szumowski, J. D., Ramakrishnan, L. (2014). Verapamil, and its metabolite norverapamil, inhibit macrophage-induced, bacterial efflux pump-mediated tolerance to multiple anti-tubercular drugs.Journal of Infectious Diseases, jiu095. Feng, X., Liu, Y., Wang, X., Di, X. (2014). Effects of piperine on the intestinal permeability and pharmacokinetics of linarin in rats.Molecules,19(5), 5624-5633. Kesarwani, K., Gupta, R. (2013). Bioavailability enhancers of herbal origin: An overview.Asian pacific journal of tropical biomedicine,3(4), 253-266. Pany, S., Pal, A., Sahu, P. K. (2016). POTENTIAL NEUROPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF PIPERINE IN PILOCARPINE INDUCED TEMPORAL LOBE EPILEPSY.Indo American Journal of Pharmaceutical Research,6(2), 4369-4375. Rezaee, M. M., Kazemi, S., Kazemi, M. T., Gharooee, S., Yazdani, E., Gharooee, H., ... Moghadamnia, A. A. (2014). The effect of piperine on midazolam plasma concentration in healthy volunteers, a research on the CYP3A-involving metabolism.DARU Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences,22(1), 1. Singh, D. V., Godbole, M. M., Misra, K. (2013). A plausible explanation for enhanced bioavailability of P-gp substrates in presence of piperine: simulation for next generation of P-gp inhibitors.Journal of molecular modeling,19(1), 227-238. Volak, L. P., Hanley, M. J., Masse, G., Hazarika, S., Harmatz, J. S., Badmaev, V., ... Court, M. H. (2013). Effect of a herbal extract containing curcumin and piperine on midazolam, flurbiprofen and paracetamol (acetaminophen) pharmacokinetics in healthy volunteers.British journal of clinical pharmacology,75(2), 450-462. Wang, Y. M., Lin, W., Chai, S. C., Wu, J., Ong, S. S., Schuetz, E. G., Chen, T. (2013). Piperine activates human pregnane X receptor to induce the expression of cytochrome P450 3A4 and multidrug resistance protein 1.Toxicology and applied pharmacology,272(1), 96-107.