Human Resources Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

HR Management - Essay Example It offers new â€Å"lenses on the unsaid and transformative parts of HRM and the incentive to create† (Berman et al, p, 59). HR is an enormous field that start, makes an arrangement, does and gets done with a proceeding with arrangement. To oversee Human Resources seems, by all accounts, to be very straightforward, in spite of the fact that with regards to be the player at that point starts the real issue in managing it. It is consistently inconvenience allowed to offer accentuation to an individual â€Å"or to that issue anybody about anything† (Berman et al, p, 192). In any case, the best is esteemed consistently. HR in a partnership is continually accessible to all of them paying little mind to the levels. To start or gain the underlying ground, it is the HR division that everybody must get in contact with. They deal with the core values and techniques inside the business for which â€Å"it would have been a year, to do as such; gave the emphasis is on to Quality pr ocesses† (Berman et al, p, 221). HR forms consolidates (1) choosing and employing staff; (2) direction and progress; (3) reward and compensation; (4) execution examination strategy; and (5) specialist connections. Careful HR booking associates individuals’ the executives with the company’s obligation, picture, goals and points, notwithstanding its key course of action just as budgetary assets. A principle target of HR booking is to procure the precise measure of people with the right aptitude, understanding just as abilities inside the exact vocations on the right time and at the precise use. The pressure is on association with key booking just as business planning for the underlying sentence, and the pressure is on the arranging just as game plan of faculty and laborers in the last sentence; the systems through which organization ensures the right HR that are able of doing those assignments that encourage the business to accomplish its objectives. Human asset bo oking is the advancement of human asset errands, or â€Å"in different words, arranging how human asset the executives will be executed† (Noe et al, p. 123). Consequently, to all expectations and purposes, HR booking is the extension of plans in these areas or inside comparable districts. One should stretch out his own rundown identified with the business - a record that uncovers the capacities that HR does inside the business. A few people interface human asset booking with what large organizations do. That is for the explanation that, pretty much by commitment, large organizations requires to have significantly progressively legitimate just as expansive way to deal with HR booking due to their â€Å"size and the multifaceted nature of their businesses† (Noe et al, p. 153). All things considered, even an organization proprietor having few specialists need to consider various representatives and HR concerns. â€Å"Several little organization proprietors do this withou t truly considering it† (Noe et al, p.235). For example, a little organization proprietor needs to consider just as plan with respect to what advantages to introduce, how to manage improvement of faculty, how to figure the quantity of representatives that are expected, how to evaluate specialist execution, etc. There are five phases of key direction. All expand on the previous one, offering a guide and an appraisal of advancement towards vital direction. The five phases are â€Å"(1) association in key conversation; (2) vital turn of events; (3) key size; (4) making a key

An Analysis of Rip Van Winkle Using Psychoanalytic and Archetypal Criticism Essays

An Analysis of Rip Van Winkle Using Psychoanalytic and Archetypal Criticism Essays An Analysis of Rip Van Winkle Using Psychoanalytic and Archetypal Criticism Paper An Analysis of Rip Van Winkle Using Psychoanalytic and Archetypal Criticism Paper Exposition Topic: Writing Tear Van Winkle When perusing â€Å"Rip Van Winkle† by Washington Irving just because, one would get the feeling that something awful and clumsy will undoubtedly happen to individuals who are constrained by their emotions and interest. As it were, this short story represents the improvement of a youthful country and its change to a free and equitable nation. Be that as it may, in it, there are sure individuals who don’t consider the political and chronicled changes, and therefore, they don't fit into the new framework, leaving the impression of being odd and old. Tear Van Winkle is one of those individuals, and on the off chance that we read the story from psychoanalytic and prototype perspectives, we will see that he was really glad to have been sleeping for a long time. â€Å"Rip Van Winkle† addresses a few inquiries, for example, the one thinking about Winkle’s nonattendance from home for 2 decades. One of the appropriate responses proposes that a man, who just thinks about himself, would in the end wind up losing his significant other and family. Another answer recommends that in the event that somebody dozes or beverages for a long time, the individual is definitely not an awful individual, as long as the town is his/her companion. Be that as it may, this story may likewise identify with a soldier’s battle to change in accordance with society, after his arrival from war. We know almost no of both Winkle’s cozy life and his concealed wants. In any case, with the assistance of Freuds idea of id as the â€Å"home† of the unreasonable, instinctual and the obscure, we can decipher Rip Van Winkles appearance in broad daylight. We realize that he’s cherished by the entire town, and that he’s cheerful in making every other person around him upbeat. It is sheltered to state that he’s well known, a model resident. Be that as it may, this isn't the situation in his home and with his family, since he doesn’t care about them, as found in passage 8:â€Å"Rip was prepared to take care of anybody’s business yet his own; however as to performing family responsibility, and maintaining his ranch in control, it was incomprehensible. † He doesn’t work, nor go to his family. Sluggishness is viewed as a transgression, however Winkle doesn’t have a feeling of remorse about it or the relinquishment of his family, and he â€Å"blames† his significant other for the manner in which he is. In this way, the differentiation of his open and private life is by all accounts equivalent to the complexity between his driving forces and the obligation he has as a dad/spouse. Any peruser would presume that either Rip doesn’t love his significant other or he is a youthful man, unequipped for taking care of his marriage. Winkles mind controls the intelligent and normal, and his self image is most likely the motivation behind why he doesn’t separation or mischief his significant other, or even himself. It is likewise the explanation behind his great remaining with different residents, as it reveals to him that they would reimburse him in time. They truly reimburse him, and Winkle is saved from complete obscurity when he gets back following 20 years, as found in passage 56: â€Å"an elderly person, tottering out from among the group, put her hand to her forehead, and peering under it in his face for a second, shouted, sufficiently sure! it is Rip Van Winkle-it is himself. Welcome home once more, old neighbor. - Why, where have you been these twenty long years? † The last test that anticipates Winkle is his endeavor to be totally acknowledged in the general public once more. We, as perusers, can't be sure whether he really dozed for a long time, however we are not given some other decision. Winkle attempts to vindicate himself from his past sins by turning into a perceived legend. In any case, Winkle’s superego recommends that his vanishing is indecent. But, he recovers another opportunity in the wake of originating from the Catskill Mountains. With no exertion, he turns into a regarded man; his long nonattendance legitimizes his political obliviousness, and he even turns into an image of the town. We understand that his 20-year rest has just cost him his significant other. Perhaps that’s what he constantly needed: to carry on with a cheerful life, without working, dealing with kids, or having a close connection with an individual he never truly cherished. Be that as it may, this longing is never uncovered and we just consider him to be somebody who follows the standards set by society. Since separate isn't an alternative at that point, it is best for Winkle to just vanish. He could have additionally gotten cantankerous and withdrawn, however that essentially isn’t his style. The story doesn’t have enough components for us to apply Freuds Oedipus complex, yet there are some intriguing realities, similar to the one that Winkle â€Å"kills† his life while living with his family. Additionally, Dame Van Winkle is depicted increasingly like a mother, than a spouse: â€Å"whenever her name was referenced, in any case, he shook his head, shrugged his shoulders, and cast up his eyes; which may pass either for an outflow of renunciation to his destiny, or delight at his deliverance† (section 61). From this, we can expect that Winkle most likely abhorred her. He even reflects about the newly discovered opportunity from his significant other (the other opportunity being the opportunity from the old society) in section 61: â€Å"he had got his neck out of the burden of marriage, and could go in and out at whatever point he satisfied, without fearing the oppression of Dame Van Winkle. Toward the finish of the story, the old Winkle is dead, and we have another, ordinary resident of another country. Be that as it may, so as to arrive at this freedom, he needed to remove himself from his family, and vanish into the mountains. He goes there with the reason of going squirrel chasing, however winds up nodding off: â€Å"one taste incited another, and he repeated his visits to the cup so regularly, that finally his faculties were overwhelmed, his eyes swam in his mind, his head bit by bit declined, and he fell into a profound sleep† (passage 24). As an end, Winkle’s vanishing was the best thing that could transpire. While the individuals of the Dutch people group needed to battle a war, Winkle was dozing, and woke up just to observe a totally new life, with another kind of government and with no family or private obligations. He didn’t endure any genuine outcomes, with just his physical appearance being a minor issue. As it were, he discovered an ideal, but then straightforward answer for his â€Å"lifelong† issue. Model analysis may likewise help us in breaking down this short story. An image which shows up all through the story is the tree. In more than one event, Winkle visits a gathering sitting under â€Å"the shade of an enormous tree. So as to escape from his better half, he would frequently go to the timberland, and â€Å"here he would now and again seat himself at the foot of a tree† (passage 16). He likewise nods off there. As indicated by Wilfred Guerin, the tree is an image of everlasting status and recovery (Guerin 152). That’s most likely the motivation behind why Winkle returns home following 2 many years of inertness in Nature and isn't harmed by Nature’s components. The tree where Winkle invests energy may likewise be associated with the tree of life, which keeps individuals alive regardless of whether they couldn't care less for their families or relationships. Lady Van Winkle looks like a horrendous mother in her husband’s eyes. Having this at the top of the priority list, we can say that she speaks to both sex and passing: her significant other fears her and the dread leads him to undermining. Subsequently, we see that Winkle isn't keen on his better half as a lady, and views her more as a beast, a witch. Be that as it may, if she’s distraught at him for his sluggishness and refusal to get a genuine line of work, she would be a portrayal of the Earth, its ripeness and bounty (a great mother). Yet, in actuality, other than ensuring her youngsters, she startles Winkle and continually incites him, so we can think about her as being acceptable and terrible simultaneously (Guerin 151). Toward the finish of the story, we see that Winkle turns into a good elderly person, or an image of astuteness and information. As per Jungian models, he tests the ethical characteristics of others. Be that as it may, not every person considers him to be an insightful man, which is unmistakably uncovered in section 57: â€Å"some supposedly winked at one another, and put their tongues in their cheeks; and the gaudy man in the positioned cap, who, when the alert was finished, had come back to the field, screwed down the edges of his mouth, and shook his head-whereupon there was a general shaking of the head all through the collection. Thus, we have a circumstance where Winkle doesn’t end up left out by his locale, yet there are doubts over the believability of his story. In this manner, he intently follows the example of a saint, and is a sort of a conciliatory substitute. One of the most significant images in the story is the introduction of another country, something which w as totally new for those of European root. Again we have Winkle as a substitute, since he speaks to all the old European customs that must be smothered all together for the new country to develop. Everyone must work to shape and bolster the new government and keep the country’s freedom. The old perspectives and living are a distant memory. While Old Europe was in a profound sleep, its settlements woke up, individually. The gathering of pseudo-scholars, shaped by Winkle and his companions, speaks to the Old World and its â€Å"process† of sitting idle, while the states develop increasingly autonomous. As an outcome of it, the change of Old Europe was something unavoidable, and it changes, much like Rip Van Winkle. In this story, we can likewise attempt to distinguish Northrop Frye’s four mythos. In the first place we have a sentimental (summer) stage, as Winkle is adored by all the townspeople. What follows is the counter sentimental, sarcastic and amusing stage (winter), when we find that Winkle is miles from being

udemy

udemy INTRODUCTIONMartin: Hi, today we are in  San Francisco  with Udemy. Eren, who are you and what do you do?Eren: Hi, my name is Eren Bali and Im the co-founder, chairman and former CEO of Udemy. We are a market place for online courses. We have thousands of instructors around the world who are really passionate about their subjects and they are so skilled so they come to Udemy to create courses and share it with the rest of the world.Martin: Great!Martin: And, what did you do before you started Udemy?Eren: I think while I was in college, I already knew I wanted to be an entrepreneur. So there wasnt a lot of other things. I was in college, I went to school in  Turkey, I grew up in  Turkey. I went to college there to study computer science and mathematics. And in the last year of the college, we started our first company with my co-founder, whos still with me on Udemy.Initially, we were doing some other projects. We had created a 3D simulation for constructions. It was how we started. Bu t I always wanted to work in education, so we built a company that were close, similar to Udemy in terms of supervision in Turkey, almost 8 years ago. So we launched it, but we realized that wasnt the right time and the right place.It wasnt the right time because all this different section wasnt ready, bandwidth was expensive and audio conversation wasnt really working well. And  Turkey  wasnt the right place. We needed tons of influences to make the idea work. And the product wasnt right either, because we relied on  niche  market place. And in market place, liquidity is the biggest problem, meaning if a user comes to the site, there should be enough courses interesting for them so they will stick. And if you make it live, its even harder to make the liquidity first. So, there were a lot of mistakes and we had to shut it down in Turkey, but me and my co-founder still believe that was kind of a neat idea and it should have existed. So, we moved over to  Silicon Valley, it took me 4 years in the process. And I worked as an engineer, like one of the first employees at a startup called SpeedDate. We did a pretty good job there. Actually the funny thing is, we built SpeedDate from the early code of Udemy. We had a video conferencing tool that we built for our live classrooms, we coordinated a video dating application for SpeedDate. It was a fun experience but we eventually knew that we wanted to try this idea again. And this time, it worked out.Martin: OK. Great!BUSINESS MODEL OF UDEMYMartin: Can you tell us how the current business model of Udemy works?Eren: Sure. So we have around 15,000 instructors, we have published courses on Udemy. They choose their course subject and build a course. Typical courses are like video base and some are interactivities, like quizzes and discussion boards and things like that.But the big difference between the site like Youtube is, its not just small  short-form content. The course I designed, to take you from knowing nothing abou t the subject to a decent level, right. So, and when they start publishing course, they can either publish it for free, I think its free for them. If they want to charge for their course, we take a cut from that. So in that sense, its pretty close to Apples app store model.Martin: So basically its just a revenue share model?Eren: Yes, revenue share model.Martin: Okay, the instructors can free to choose what he wants or is there any fixed fee involved?Eren: Theres no fixed fee. If its a free course, we think its good for the world, so we kind of do our part in it. If its paid, then we start making money.Martin: Can you tell us a little bit more about the demographics and statistics in terms of users?Eren: Yes. We have over 4 million users right now. I think 50% of them are in the  United States, 50% outside the  US. Weve seen a lot of growth in  Germany,  Spain, some of the European countries and even Asian countries, but probably  Germany  is like the second largest non-English mark et, at this point. So, usually our top verticals are development, design and business.Martin: What do you mean by development?Eren: Development means learning how to become a web developer, IPhone applications, mobile applications like game programming, those are usually the most popular subjects. And then there are other technological subjects like softwares, Excel, Office. Business categories are entrepreneurship, marketing, finance. And design categories are always pretty strong. But beside these, there are others like hobbies, like photography and yoga. Those are also big, but usually as I said technology, business and design are the leading categories.In terms of demographics like, right now, there are more male users than female, which is the complete consequence of the development category. So unfortunately, there are still a lot more men, who are  interested in development than women. We also want to contribute in changing it. But thats  the current state.There are categori es that are uniform, non-technical categories are uniformed between men and women. And in terms of  Asia, we see age ranging from 18 to 50 55. There are more of younger users but thats more because they are more younger as in internet. But proportionately its kind of interesting,  some of the  older user are more heavily represented in Udemy community than the rest of the Internet.Martin: Interesting. When you started this type of market place, what has been the major obstacle for creating a lot of inventories, so people who come to your website see your value proposition?Eren: Thats why were straight forward. In any market place, like Udemy, there are 2 types of users. There is an asymmetric market place. The most important problem and probably the only problem that you should really worry about, is the chicken and egg problem. If there are enough courses, why would the students come, and if theres not enough students why would instructors create courses. So this is a huge proble m in the beginning, and I said that kind of converge into competitive advantage as you become larger. Because once theres Udemy, its really hard for the competitor to do this, because all types of instructors would want to create their courses on Udemy. So, as I said theres an obstacle in the beginning that becomes a big advantage as you grow.Martin: How did you take tackle in the first place?Eren: We did a lot of tricks. The number one thing is you have to worry about is liquidity, meaning when you are an instructor can you get him enough users and if there are users can you give them enough courses. So, we tested a lot of things. We tried to do some BD, Business Development, it didnt work out. We try to launch it kind of vertical, that didnt worked out as well either.I think what worked for us was going and doing a lot of unscalable things to make the first video instructor successful.Martin: What does it mean?Eren: Actually, I kind of give you the birth story. So, I was in a brea kfast meeting in one of our investors house. And AirBnB was just getting traction at that point. They were big but they were just getting off the ground.And I was asking these questions to everybody. I would say how did you get the first 100,000 users? How did you solve the initial traction problem? And he kind of.., Brian gave me such a suggestion: do things that dont scale. So meaning, there are things like SEO and advertising are scalable things in getting users. Those tend not to work in the early days of a startup because most of the scalable methodologies were better on scale.As you get more inbound pages and you get inbound links, your SEO goes up and advertising is better. But they dont really work in the beginning. And there are things which are unscalable, which you can not do as a large company but for small service can do those. And those unscalable ways of doing are actually what makes you successful.So what AirBnB was doing was they were going to houses of each host an d taking professional photos of room. They were making the place look really good. And this is completely unscalable, but it was creating a magical experience. So we kind of mimic the same idea. Like I said earlier, when he said those 3 words that immediately clicked for me. We went back and said, you know what lets help the creation of the first few courses.We want to create 3 entrepreneurial courses because we knew people who could teach those. Even that didn’t work out, because it was too much work. Initially without their proof point. So instead, me and my co-founder, Gagan, organized entrepreneurial events. The first one was called Raising Money for Statups.And instead of asking people to create a full course, we brought the subject in 6 pieces, like the first one was getting leads, then doing a pitch tag and then like the last one was closing the round. So you kind of add what  the  Laissez faire  raising  money course would be.And when we invited people, we said Okay, you a re going to talk about this particular subject. So when the event finished, we were able to video-taped everything, edited it and converted it into a course. Actually we start charging for it. It was 30 dollars. Even with the first course, we got a lot of sales from it because it was a pretty good course. It was the first time where people uses or get practical advice about raising money. Not like high level follow your passion bullshit. It was like, this is exactly the email you sent, this is the type interview you get, this is when you email them back. This was very tactical. So the tactical aspect really worked out.It was 2 more of those events, we get the first 3 paid courses. Before, I was kind of passive about that, we were also crawling all the open courses from universities and we were publishing it on Udemy with their permission, that helped us get some traction but they were all free courses. It was still not proofing financial model here. So the first 3 courses we made we re proofing the fact that there was this one person in the world who could buy them. And they were actually like almost 1,000 people who bought that courses.Martin: Did you just wanted to check whether there was some kind of willingness to pay for such a course?Eren: Yes.Martin: Okay, and this was the major force why you decided not to put it for free but want to charge?Eren: Yes, I remember there was an email discussion with our investors, and got their opinions. There was a big debate whether course should be free or paid. My visual was that, although a lot of entrepreneurial talks like this are free, theyre usually motivational, theyre not tactical.When I go to a conference and give free talk, I dont talk about, like this is like how we do. Its just motivational, the most strategic maybe. But the tactical piece was missing and if we charge 30 dollars for it, and if it makes 0.1% easier to raise money, its definitely worth it. And we tell them that we would like to see whether peo ple would pay for it. I said people would pay and they were super happy with it. Nobody thought that 30 dollars was too much for it. So, we launched 3 of those courses in entrepreneurial subjects and then we found  some newsletters which has relevant traffic to Udemy. So we started promoting those courses from these newsletters. And people who signed up to this newsletters really like the courses. And then, what we did next was, we went to some other instructors who werent affiliated with us and we said, would you create a course. We have all this distribution of newsletters signed up to promote your course. They said yes, why not try it. They promoted their courses in the newsletters and we went to more newsletters and said, you know what, we do this course, would you mind to promote and get their share? They said yes and we kind of, similarly we jumped back and forth between the supply and demand. As I said, the key things like liquidity and making your early customers happy, righ t. We made them really happy by actually do a lot of distribution work for the instructors and a lot of content work for potential distribution channels. So we were like being their technological platform between the distribution channels and the supply side, the content creators. At one point, we had enough users accumulate on Udemy that we didnt rely on external distributions anymore. So many people create their courses, we had enough users on Udemy so that their course would be successful.Martin: At what point did you recognize that youve reached that critical mass?Eren: The critical mass is not just one single number. So, similarly as a market place, you go up in phases. The first phase is  you do whatever possible to get the first few customers and first people on the supply side happier, right.And then, over time, like at that point, you kind of switch into kind of more a scaled approach to getting instructors and the scale that meaning that, it was not like me and my co-found er meeting with each instructor in their house to convince them. Instead, we had people, like business people who are reaching out to instructors to kind of convince them to teach courses. So it was kind of like sales model of reaching out to actively instructors.And in the user side, we start things slightly more scalable and slightly more scalable thing. Like maybe some SEO  worked out and we had more partners, we had like an affiliate network and we had a growing organic traffic that was the largest traffic driver.And then over time, that changed also, because right now theres so many people come to Udemy to teach a course. I think every month, 10,000 people start creating courses. Not all of them do it, but a lot of people are willing. So we dont have to do outreach anymore.We have a large content team whose job is just helping the instructors that already coming. We don’t reach out to people anymore, except for strategic courses. As I said, now is a different phase and overti me, even that phase has changed. Now, honestly the only thing that the content team can do is barely: they do work and create new verticals, and they do more highly work in managing verticals and working at the course thats scalable and article variable like data science  team analysis, like  which course are doing better job and which courses are doing worse job.So, that has come to a new phase, were data driven and big data and even more scientific. As I said, its phases, its just as you grow, you start changing how you do stuff.CORPORATE STRATEGYMartin: Lets talk briefly about the corporate strategy of Udemy. I totally understand that once we have this scalable mass that you create a competitive advantage. If you put it into a single company perspective, how do you perceive having other competitors like Coursera, etc.? Whats your competitive advantage over them and what makes you be able to build up on that?Eren: Thats a good question. I mean there are a lot of competitors. Ther e are primary competitors which mean there are other market places for teaching. Right now we are the largest, we are leading that one, so were not too worried there. But then, there are publishing companies, companies which produce content and sell it.So in users side, they might be considered as competitors. And then there are companies like Coursera, which we are not really competing with in the market. I think its just our psychological competitors. We are more like friends with them, so we kind meet each other and help each other if possible. Those are really different. Coursera for example, they are focused on higher education. There are companies which are really focused completely on K-12 kind of academics. K12 international academy is focused on  K-12. And Udemys focus has always been skill based adult training. So its not K-12 or higher education, its like after that. We believe that learning has to be lifelong. And our courses are usually more tactical,  you learn how to build an IPhone application, you dont learn the computer science fundamentals as much. Although we have courses  around it, but thats not our strong suit. Our strong suit is,  Im going to learn something very practical and Im going do something with it.So that has been large enough differentiator,  just some notes that we start a lot early than those other companies. I think we could say, we kind of, we start this online course market. So there were companies before us doing some sort of learning but constructive online course that anybody can take, like we were the company that initiated that move, and hopefully we have some help in the popularizing concept like MOOCs. Coursera just came  around 2 years after us. And when they launched, we already have our model which was working. I think they look at our model and kind of, look higher education could do the same thing.Martin: You beautifully described the different phases of a company. What would be the next phase of Udemy?Eren: I think the next phase is right now, we solved the problem of creating an ecosystem about casual learning. We have done that. As instructors are making enough money to live their lives, we signed about 6,000 checks every months, like 6,000 people are making money from us every month. And some of them are making millions of dollars. And for some of them its like passive income.But I think the most important that weve created is the job. Teaching online is formidable job right now. So the next phase is taking on demand learning from where it is right now to its next level. So Udemy is and should  always be the frontier of learning online, especially on demands.Because you can also do 1-on-1 live classes, thats a different world. Skills on demand learning is our focus and we are awaiting a new phase to do this and we are building a lot of science about what makes a course better. So we obsessively analyze action that users are doing during the courses and now we can actually we have t housand of courses, so we have that unique position where we can crawl what aspect of the course make it stick better.Martin: I would call it educational analytics.Eren: Yes, more like educational analytics,  but people call it big data education. But  then you see, that a lot of assumption people make about education is incorrect. Even like assumption made by professors who have been doing this for a long time or educational scientists, they have  a lot of small studies, observations, now we have real data. And we see a lot of them are incorrect, and you see it in a lot of large scale across verticals. Its not like one vertical, we can see like this learning theory can I apply it in this vertical but not that vertical. We are in the position, I want Udemy to become a company which is pushing the boundaries in on demand learning. This is the main thing and other stuff is opening up internationally, so we opened our first  Europe  office.Martin: Where?Eren: In  Dublin, I really want  Berlin. I went to  Berlin  a year ago, its a great city. I really love that. Hopefully, we have an office there too at some point, but the first is in  Dublin  for more practical reasons. Europe market is very important and so we start opening up to South America, Europe,  East Asia.And the other thing is actually making the model work in some other niche verticals. We are pretty strong in the top 3 4 verticals but I would expect musicalcourse would be very successful in Udemy. So we already have somebody, its not like as strong as we wanted. Like maybe hobby courses and some other sophistication base courses. Theres always new vertical that we wanted to have, build liquidity at.Martin: Sure.MARKET DEVELOPMENTMartin: In terms of market development, how do you perceived the offline education versus the online education, and even maybe a specific sub segments in between?Eren: If you look at the education market or the world virtually first divided by age group. Theres K-12 was a se parate base, right. Second its about learning release, like education means something different for them. And theres higher education, college, maybe grad degrees, and theres lifelong learning.And lifelong learning can happen at home, youre learning for yourself, it could be at work, or it could be in some kind of institution. If you look at them, for each of the verticals theres an offline element to it, and theres an online element to it. So in K-12 for example, still dominantly offline. Theres some online movement but its very small in proportion.Lifelong learning actually is the  part where online gets a much larger chunk. Thats why we actually focus on that. And higher education is kind of small slowly transitioning, its a slow transition, its not going to happen overnight. For us, with  lifelong learning, like offline, theres some offline component, you could go to a certification program in a place, or you could  take a high end boot camp. Those tend to be really expensive and limited to a very small local.We are happy to admit that might be a better experience, so I dont claim that learning online is better than in person, because if you can find a top Stanford professor, or like an amazing person to sit next to you and give you a course directly to you, it might be better if you can access that. But its going to be 100 times more expensive than an online course. And youll be kind of limited by the time and location, so to me that education is for elite group of people in the world.And for everybody else, thats not a solution, thats why we started Udemy. So, I think on demand  and offline are sometimes used in conjunction together to a hybrid learning. But for majority of people in the world, I think online education is the only viable way to get them up to speed with the skill that they need for jobs or even hobbies. I think online is the only viable way to do that.Martin: In terms of certification of a specific skill, do you think that having this kind of certification later on in the future or do you really think its just about showing people who you have the skills?Eren: This is the point where I and the rest of the market is in disagreement. A lot of companies are trying to get certification up, maybe try to raise the money, all the inventors were saying, why dont you use certification, I would only invest if theres a degree or diploma behind this.I kept saying no, does not make sense. Because people look at universities and theyre just trying to move that model while you go to the university, theres some learning there, theres a certification that you have diploma. It does work in a small constraint environment, but when you go to internet, things changed. You cant move things from physical world and just digitized it.So, in world of  internet, you can access a lot more people. Accessing a lot more people also make it harder to make a reputable certification. Because Stanford or Harvard has a pretty strong brand in thei r certification, if Harvard has 5 million students, they wouldnt be nearly as good brand. So the value of the brand of your certification and the number of people who are able to get it, they are inversely correlated. So thats why, I think if you want to help hundreds of millions of people, you cant at the same time try to create that high, strong brand in your certification.So I thought, in the world of open digital education, these 2 things should be separated. There should be companies like Udemy, whose job is only to help you learn your subject because you want to learn it for something. I dont care for what, but you want to learn a subject. I think our company or other organization which feel whose job is going to be certifying that you are good at a particular skill, assessing your skill. I think trying to merge them together, will  really break the experience, it makes both parts function worst.So from that, I believe we should separate, so we never get into that. We do like course completion certificate, like light weight badge, but were not trying to make it completely a diploma. So we never thought this is critical.What we do    more often is a real life certification, which is  accepted in the market like Cisco network administration certificate, or Adobe design certificate, or Microsoft Office certificate. So we try to get, we have a lot of courses that we are preparing for those existing certifications. So people can go and take a course in Udemy to prepare themselves and they go to Cisco to get the network certificate. And Cisco network certificate will always be more valuable than a certificate that we made up.ADVICE TO ENTREPRENEURS FROM EREN BALI In San Francisco, we meet co-founder and Chairman of udemy, Eren Bali. He shares his story how he co-founded this startup and how the current business model works (supply and demand side), as well as what the current plans for near future, and some advice for young entrepreneurs.The transcript of the interview is included below.INTRODUCTIONMartin: Hi, today we are in  San Francisco  with Udemy. Eren, who are you and what do you do?Eren: Hi, my name is Eren Bali and Im the co-founder, chairman and former CEO of Udemy. We are a market place for online courses. We have thousands of instructors around the world who are really passionate about their subjects and they are so skilled so they come to Udemy to create courses and share it with the rest of the world.Martin: Great!Martin: And, what did you do before you started Udemy?Eren: I think while I was in college, I already knew I wanted to be an entrepreneur. So there wasnt a lot of other things. I was in college, I went to school in  Tu rkey, I grew up in  Turkey. I went to college there to study computer science and mathematics. And in the last year of the college, we started our first company with my co-founder, whos still with me on Udemy.Initially, we were doing some other projects. We had created a 3D simulation for constructions. It was how we started. But I always wanted to work in education, so we built a company that were close, similar to Udemy in terms of supervision in Turkey, almost 8 years ago. So we launched it, but we realized that wasnt the right time and the right place.It wasnt the right time because all this different section wasnt ready, bandwidth was expensive and audio conversation wasnt really working well. And  Turkey  wasnt the right place. We needed tons of influences to make the idea work. And the product wasnt right either, because we relied on  niche  market place. And in market place, liquidity is the biggest problem, meaning if a user comes to the site, there should be enough courses interesting for them so they will stick. And if you make it live, its even harder to make the liquidity first. So, there were a lot of mistakes and we had to shut it down in Turkey, but me and my co-founder still believe that was kind of a neat idea and it should have existed. So, we moved over to  Silicon Valley, it took me 4 years in the process. And I worked as an engineer, like one of the first employees at a startup called SpeedDate. We did a pretty good job there. Actually the funny thing is, we built SpeedDate from the early code of Udemy. We had a video conferencing tool that we built for our live classrooms, we coordinated a video dating application for SpeedDate. It was a fun experience but we eventually knew that we wanted to try this idea again. And this time, it worked out.Martin: OK. Great!BUSINESS MODEL OF UDEMYMartin: Can you tell us how the current business model of Udemy works?Eren: Sure. So we have around 15,000 instructors, we have published courses on Udemy. Th ey choose their course subject and build a course. Typical courses are like video base and some are interactivities, like quizzes and discussion boards and things like that.But the big difference between the site like Youtube is, its not just small  short-form content. The course I designed, to take you from knowing nothing about the subject to a decent level, right. So, and when they start publishing course, they can either publish it for free, I think its free for them. If they want to charge for their course, we take a cut from that. So in that sense, its pretty close to Apples app store model.Martin: So basically its just a revenue share model?Eren: Yes, revenue share model.Martin: Okay, the instructors can free to choose what he wants or is there any fixed fee involved?Eren: Theres no fixed fee. If its a free course, we think its good for the world, so we kind of do our part in it. If its paid, then we start making money.Martin: Can you tell us a little bit more about the demog raphics and statistics in terms of users?Eren: Yes. We have over 4 million users right now. I think 50% of them are in the  United States, 50% outside the  US. Weve seen a lot of growth in  Germany,  Spain, some of the European countries and even Asian countries, but probably  Germany  is like the second largest non-English market, at this point. So, usually our top verticals are development, design and business.Martin: What do you mean by development?Eren: Development means learning how to become a web developer, IPhone applications, mobile applications like game programming, those are usually the most popular subjects. And then there are other technological subjects like softwares, Excel, Office. Business categories are entrepreneurship, marketing, finance. And design categories are always pretty strong. But beside these, there are others like hobbies, like photography and yoga. Those are also big, but usually as I said technology, business and design are the leading categories.In terms of demographics like, right now, there are more male users than female, which is the complete consequence of the development category. So unfortunately, there are still a lot more men, who are  interested in development than women. We also want to contribute in changing it. But thats  the current state.There are categories that are uniform, non-technical categories are uniformed between men and women. And in terms of  Asia, we see age ranging from 18 to 50 55. There are more of younger users but thats more because they are more younger as in internet. But proportionately its kind of interesting,  some of the  older user are more heavily represented in Udemy community than the rest of the Internet.Martin: Interesting. When you started this type of market place, what has been the major obstacle for creating a lot of inventories, so people who come to your website see your value proposition?Eren: Thats why were straight forward. In any market place, like Udemy, there are 2 ty pes of users. There is an asymmetric market place. The most important problem and probably the only problem that you should really worry about, is the chicken and egg problem. If there are enough courses, why would the students come, and if theres not enough students why would instructors create courses. So this is a huge problem in the beginning, and I said that kind of converge into competitive advantage as you become larger. Because once theres Udemy, its really hard for the competitor to do this, because all types of instructors would want to create their courses on Udemy. So, as I said theres an obstacle in the beginning that becomes a big advantage as you grow.Martin: How did you take tackle in the first place?Eren: We did a lot of tricks. The number one thing is you have to worry about is liquidity, meaning when you are an instructor can you get him enough users and if there are users can you give them enough courses. So, we tested a lot of things. We tried to do some BD, Bus iness Development, it didnt work out. We try to launch it kind of vertical, that didnt worked out as well either.I think what worked for us was going and doing a lot of unscalable things to make the first video instructor successful.Martin: What does it mean?Eren: Actually, I kind of give you the birth story. So, I was in a breakfast meeting in one of our investors house. And AirBnB was just getting traction at that point. They were big but they were just getting off the ground.And I was asking these questions to everybody. I would say how did you get the first 100,000 users? How did you solve the initial traction problem? And he kind of.., Brian gave me such a suggestion: do things that dont scale. So meaning, there are things like SEO and advertising are scalable things in getting users. Those tend not to work in the early days of a startup because most of the scalable methodologies were better on scale.As you get more inbound pages and you get inbound links, your SEO goes up and advertising is better. But they dont really work in the beginning. And there are things which are unscalable, which you can not do as a large company but for small service can do those. And those unscalable ways of doing are actually what makes you successful.So what AirBnB was doing was they were going to houses of each host and taking professional photos of room. They were making the place look really good. And this is completely unscalable, but it was creating a magical experience. So we kind of mimic the same idea. Like I said earlier, when he said those 3 words that immediately clicked for me. We went back and said, you know what lets help the creation of the first few courses.We want to create 3 entrepreneurial courses because we knew people who could teach those. Even that didn’t work out, because it was too much work. Initially without their proof point. So instead, me and my co-founder, Gagan, organized entrepreneurial events. The first one was called Raising Money for St atups.And instead of asking people to create a full course, we brought the subject in 6 pieces, like the first one was getting leads, then doing a pitch tag and then like the last one was closing the round. So you kind of add what  the  Laissez faire  raising  money course would be.And when we invited people, we said Okay, you are going to talk about this particular subject. So when the event finished, we were able to video-taped everything, edited it and converted it into a course. Actually we start charging for it. It was 30 dollars. Even with the first course, we got a lot of sales from it because it was a pretty good course. It was the first time where people uses or get practical advice about raising money. Not like high level follow your passion bullshit. It was like, this is exactly the email you sent, this is the type interview you get, this is when you email them back. This was very tactical. So the tactical aspect really worked out.It was 2 more of those events, we get the first 3 paid courses. Before, I was kind of passive about that, we were also crawling all the open courses from universities and we were publishing it on Udemy with their permission, that helped us get some traction but they were all free courses. It was still not proofing financial model here. So the first 3 courses we made were proofing the fact that there was this one person in the world who could buy them. And they were actually like almost 1,000 people who bought that courses.Martin: Did you just wanted to check whether there was some kind of willingness to pay for such a course?Eren: Yes.Martin: Okay, and this was the major force why you decided not to put it for free but want to charge?Eren: Yes, I remember there was an email discussion with our investors, and got their opinions. There was a big debate whether course should be free or paid. My visual was that, although a lot of entrepreneurial talks like this are free, theyre usually motivational, theyre not tactical.When I go to a conference and give free talk, I dont talk about, like this is like how we do. Its just motivational, the most strategic maybe. But the tactical piece was missing and if we charge 30 dollars for it, and if it makes 0.1% easier to raise money, its definitely worth it. And we tell them that we would like to see whether people would pay for it. I said people would pay and they were super happy with it. Nobody thought that 30 dollars was too much for it. So, we launched 3 of those courses in entrepreneurial subjects and then we found  some newsletters which has relevant traffic to Udemy. So we started promoting those courses from these newsletters. And people who signed up to this newsletters really like the courses. And then, what we did next was, we went to some other instructors who werent affiliated with us and we said, would you create a course. We have all this distribution of newsletters signed up to promote your course. They said yes, why not try it. They promoted their courses in the newsletters and we went to more newsletters and said, you know what, we do this course, would you mind to promote and get their share? They said yes and we kind of, similarly we jumped back and forth between the supply and demand. As I said, the key things like liquidity and making your early customers happy, right. We made them really happy by actually do a lot of distribution work for the instructors and a lot of content work for potential distribution channels. So we were like being their technological platform between the distribution channels and the supply side, the content creators. At one point, we had enough users accumulate on Udemy that we didnt rely on external distributions anymore. So many people create their courses, we had enough users on Udemy so that their course would be successful.Martin: At what point did you recognize that youve reached that critical mass?Eren: The critical mass is not just one single number. So, similarly as a market place, you go up in phases. The first phase is  you do whatever possible to get the first few customers and first people on the supply side happier, right.And then, over time, like at that point, you kind of switch into kind of more a scaled approach to getting instructors and the scale that meaning that, it was not like me and my co-founder meeting with each instructor in their house to convince them. Instead, we had people, like business people who are reaching out to instructors to kind of convince them to teach courses. So it was kind of like sales model of reaching out to actively instructors.And in the user side, we start things slightly more scalable and slightly more scalable thing. Like maybe some SEO  worked out and we had more partners, we had like an affiliate network and we had a growing organic traffic that was the largest traffic driver.And then over time, that changed also, because right now theres so many people come to Udemy to teach a course. I think every month, 10,000 peop le start creating courses. Not all of them do it, but a lot of people are willing. So we dont have to do outreach anymore.We have a large content team whose job is just helping the instructors that already coming. We don’t reach out to people anymore, except for strategic courses. As I said, now is a different phase and overtime, even that phase has changed. Now, honestly the only thing that the content team can do is barely: they do work and create new verticals, and they do more highly work in managing verticals and working at the course thats scalable and article variable like data science  team analysis, like  which course are doing better job and which courses are doing worse job.So, that has come to a new phase, were data driven and big data and even more scientific. As I said, its phases, its just as you grow, you start changing how you do stuff.CORPORATE STRATEGYMartin: Lets talk briefly about the corporate strategy of Udemy. I totally understand that once we have this sc alable mass that you create a competitive advantage. If you put it into a single company perspective, how do you perceive having other competitors like Coursera, etc.? Whats your competitive advantage over them and what makes you be able to build up on that?Eren: Thats a good question. I mean there are a lot of competitors. There are primary competitors which mean there are other market places for teaching. Right now we are the largest, we are leading that one, so were not too worried there. But then, there are publishing companies, companies which produce content and sell it.So in users side, they might be considered as competitors. And then there are companies like Coursera, which we are not really competing with in the market. I think its just our psychological competitors. We are more like friends with them, so we kind meet each other and help each other if possible. Those are really different. Coursera for example, they are focused on higher education. There are companies which are really focused completely on K-12 kind of academics. K12 international academy is focused on  K-12. And Udemys focus has always been skill based adult training. So its not K-12 or higher education, its like after that. We believe that learning has to be lifelong. And our courses are usually more tactical,  you learn how to build an IPhone application, you dont learn the computer science fundamentals as much. Although we have courses  around it, but thats not our strong suit. Our strong suit is,  Im going to learn something very practical and Im going do something with it.So that has been large enough differentiator,  just some notes that we start a lot early than those other companies. I think we could say, we kind of, we start this online course market. So there were companies before us doing some sort of learning but constructive online course that anybody can take, like we were the company that initiated that move, and hopefully we have some help in the popularizing concept like MOOCs. Coursera just came  around 2 years after us. And when they launched, we already have our model which was working. I think they look at our model and kind of, look higher education could do the same thing.Martin: You beautifully described the different phases of a company. What would be the next phase of Udemy?Eren: I think the next phase is right now, we solved the problem of creating an ecosystem about casual learning. We have done that. As instructors are making enough money to live their lives, we signed about 6,000 checks every months, like 6,000 people are making money from us every month. And some of them are making millions of dollars. And for some of them its like passive income.But I think the most important that weve created is the job. Teaching online is formidable job right now. So the next phase is taking on demand learning from where it is right now to its next level. So Udemy is and should  always be the frontier of learning online, especially on demands .Because you can also do 1-on-1 live classes, thats a different world. Skills on demand learning is our focus and we are awaiting a new phase to do this and we are building a lot of science about what makes a course better. So we obsessively analyze action that users are doing during the courses and now we can actually we have thousand of courses, so we have that unique position where we can crawl what aspect of the course make it stick better.Martin: I would call it educational analytics.Eren: Yes, more like educational analytics,  but people call it big data education. But  then you see, that a lot of assumption people make about education is incorrect. Even like assumption made by professors who have been doing this for a long time or educational scientists, they have  a lot of small studies, observations, now we have real data. And we see a lot of them are incorrect, and you see it in a lot of large scale across verticals. Its not like one vertical, we can see like this learnin g theory can I apply it in this vertical but not that vertical. We are in the position, I want Udemy to become a company which is pushing the boundaries in on demand learning. This is the main thing and other stuff is opening up internationally, so we opened our first  Europe  office.Martin: Where?Eren: In  Dublin, I really want  Berlin. I went to  Berlin  a year ago, its a great city. I really love that. Hopefully, we have an office there too at some point, but the first is in  Dublin  for more practical reasons. Europe market is very important and so we start opening up to South America, Europe,  East Asia.And the other thing is actually making the model work in some other niche verticals. We are pretty strong in the top 3 4 verticals but I would expect musicalcourse would be very successful in Udemy. So we already have somebody, its not like as strong as we wanted. Like maybe hobby courses and some other sophistication base courses. Theres always new vertical that we wanted to h ave, build liquidity at.Martin: Sure.MARKET DEVELOPMENTMartin: In terms of market development, how do you perceived the offline education versus the online education, and even maybe a specific sub segments in between?Eren: If you look at the education market or the world virtually first divided by age group. Theres K-12 was a separate base, right. Second its about learning release, like education means something different for them. And theres higher education, college, maybe grad degrees, and theres lifelong learning.And lifelong learning can happen at home, youre learning for yourself, it could be at work, or it could be in some kind of institution. If you look at them, for each of the verticals theres an offline element to it, and theres an online element to it. So in K-12 for example, still dominantly offline. Theres some online movement but its very small in proportion.Lifelong learning actually is the  part where online gets a much larger chunk. Thats why we actually focus on that. And higher education is kind of small slowly transitioning, its a slow transition, its not going to happen overnight. For us, with  lifelong learning, like offline, theres some offline component, you could go to a certification program in a place, or you could  take a high end boot camp. Those tend to be really expensive and limited to a very small local.We are happy to admit that might be a better experience, so I dont claim that learning online is better than in person, because if you can find a top Stanford professor, or like an amazing person to sit next to you and give you a course directly to you, it might be better if you can access that. But its going to be 100 times more expensive than an online course. And youll be kind of limited by the time and location, so to me that education is for elite group of people in the world.And for everybody else, thats not a solution, thats why we started Udemy. So, I think on demand  and offline are sometimes used in conjunction tog ether to a hybrid learning. But for majority of people in the world, I think online education is the only viable way to get them up to speed with the skill that they need for jobs or even hobbies. I think online is the only viable way to do that.Martin: In terms of certification of a specific skill, do you think that having this kind of certification later on in the future or do you really think its just about showing people who you have the skills?Eren: This is the point where I and the rest of the market is in disagreement. A lot of companies are trying to get certification up, maybe try to raise the money, all the inventors were saying, why dont you use certification, I would only invest if theres a degree or diploma behind this.I kept saying no, does not make sense. Because people look at universities and theyre just trying to move that model while you go to the university, theres some learning there, theres a certification that you have diploma. It does work in a small constrai nt environment, but when you go to internet, things changed. You cant move things from physical world and just digitized it.So, in world of  internet, you can access a lot more people. Accessing a lot more people also make it harder to make a reputable certification. Because Stanford or Harvard has a pretty strong brand in their certification, if Harvard has 5 million students, they wouldnt be nearly as good brand. So the value of the brand of your certification and the number of people who are able to get it, they are inversely correlated. So thats why, I think if you want to help hundreds of millions of people, you cant at the same time try to create that high, strong brand in your certification.So I thought, in the world of open digital education, these 2 things should be separated. There should be companies like Udemy, whose job is only to help you learn your subject because you want to learn it for something. I dont care for what, but you want to learn a subject. I think our c ompany or other organization which feel whose job is going to be certifying that you are good at a particular skill, assessing your skill. I think trying to merge them together, will  really break the experience, it makes both parts function worst.So from that, I believe we should separate, so we never get into that. We do like course completion certificate, like light weight badge, but were not trying to make it completely a diploma. So we never thought this is critical.What we do    more often is a real life certification, which is  accepted in the market like Cisco network administration certificate, or Adobe design certificate, or Microsoft Office certificate. So we try to get, we have a lot of courses that we are preparing for those existing certifications. So people can go and take a course in Udemy to prepare themselves and they go to Cisco to get the network certificate. And Cisco network certificate will always be more valuable than a certificate that we made up.ADVICE TO E NTREPRENEURS FROM EREN BALIMartin: Lets talk about what type of advice, you can share with entrepreneurs or what type of lesson you learned. I mean in one of your startups you failed, then you work in another startup and now youre quite successful with Udemy. What are the major learning that you can share with our readers?Eren: Sure. Therere a lot. So I start what  comes to my mind first.First of all, when you build a startup, you can look at how things currently work or how other people do things. And you can just assume the world is in a certain way because it is. Thats  the wrong way. Because as an entrepreneur, you have to forget how currently the world works and say how should it work or could this work. Because there are thousands of reasons why Udemy wouldnt work. That what some investors brought up to us, and they said that they passed on us, they say this is never going to work. Because most of those reasons they were coming up with, were just how things are currently were happening. But if you kind of forget about them and you say that there are millions of people and there are also millions of experts in the world and billions of people who love to learn from them. Why wouldnt this exist?  Just starting the first principle and kind of ignoring how things are currently happening, is really important.The second part is that you need a laser focus in execution. Pretty often people try to do a lot of different things. I mean, testing a lot of things is Okay, but you have to be laser focus on what you execute. For example, for us in the beginning, we said that we need to figure out the early traction problem. We have to solve the chicken-and-egg problem. Everything we were doing was to solve that problem. And once we grow older, there was a scale problem and quality problem. So we always were very focus on what the problem we were solving. You said be focused is like a dummy advice, because people think they have to do less things, sometimes you do more things but your purpose has to be extremely clear. Thats the focus you have to be very clear.Martin: And did you already think, like when you wanted to create this kind of product market fit, in terms of what are the scaling problem or quality problems, or did you just take one problem at a time?Eren: Especially when young, we try to take, just tackle a problem at a time. Because I can admit in the first year, therere for the courses we had the quality wasnt very high. Because we were just barely trying to make the course successful, so we had to have a low barrier, but as we grew we start increasing the barrier and started really focusing in the quality. So you cant just try to  achieve  everything at the same time. That kind of change per company.If youre building a  utility tool  for example, building a network and  utility tool  are very different. If youre building a  utility tool, you have to be laser focus on the experience of users from day one. You should think, are my fir st 10 users extremely happy about this. But if youre building a network business, then the way to make your users happy is usually rely on getting the other part of the market so then you have to build a separate model. So the model changes but you kind of have a real purpose of what youre trying to achieve and try to achieve one and two things at a time.Martin: What else that you learn?Eren: I mean like so much. I think we should start with things which more like  counterintuitive side Ive learned. Because I think a lot of standard advice you hear everywhere.For example, in terms of product success, especially if you are coming from an engineer background, youre usually convinced as important are hard. Like things which are hard just seem to be important to you, because theyre hard and youre an engineer and you think because you solved it youll be having success. That might be true for school but its really untrue for business. What is really valuable and important could be somethi ng simple to you, you just need to consistently do it. For example, for us, the live education component was a lot technically harder and cooler for them because its a sexy product. We even have raised money for what its worth, but it wasnt really bringing much value for users. Were on demand, kind of crude video courses actually being valuable, and I think people were ignoring the importance of this, because it wasnt a new technological achievement.It was easier to do. And it wasnt a success for other people because they werent consistent in doing this on a lot of subjects. I still see this, people who want to get into education, they wanted to do something big and they always have cruel ideas about how to teach something. They just ignore certain things because theyre straight forward. I think the value you can provide is not like crazy, weird ideas. Its consistently doing something good and iterating step by step.Martin: Okay. Great. Do you want to share any further?Eren: Not muc h, but if youre more for  Germany, I would say,  Germany  is one of my favorite markets. I think we have a unique position to observe the learning skill of doing learning courses in different countries. We see that a lot of people are real passionate about learning and their engagement are really high for a lot of German users. So if this kind of clear that people in  Germany,  they really care about bettering themselves and learning new things. And theres a lot less age fragmentation which is also very cool to see. So were pretty happy with the demographic that we are getting from there, so well definitely double count  on  Germany  as a country.Martin: Great! Eren, thank you very much and if you want to start your own company and learn how to code, maybe look at Udemy.

Freud id, ego, superego - 954 Words

To become a healthy adult socially, mentally and physically Freud believed that children must develop a reasonable balance between id and superego. Id is the natural, unsocialized, biological portion of self, including hunger and sexual urges. Superego is composed of internalized social ideas about right and wrong. When describing the effects of socialization: the process through which people learn the rules and practices needed to participate successfully in their culture and society, Peter Berger said, â€Å" Not only do people live in society, but society lives in people. We make up a society. The laws we set in place labeling right and wrong, and the authoritative persons we put in charge teach us obedience. Society lives in us:†¦show more content†¦Some may argue that we have the freedom of choice, but our choices are limited and making the one that is not socially acceptable can result in punishment. When we do not follow social norm we receive ridicule and/or punishm ent. The United States of America values freedom, yet there are laws put in place restricting us of doing whatever we want. Structural functionalists point out that schools teach children not only to read and write, but also to obey authority and to conform to society’s rules. It is most useful for explaining the benefits of a stable social system. Structural functionalists theorize that socialization in schools, religious institutions, families, and elsewhere smoothly integrates the young into the broader culture, avoiding conflict or chaotic social change. Humans are creations of their culture. Everything we know we have been taught from the people surrounding us. Humans are also self-creating. Bringing what we have learned to other regions sharing and spreading the different cultures creating new ideas and different ideas begin to slowly blend. The conflict theory is useful for understanding how socialization can repress dissent, discourage social change and reproduce ineq ualities. Conflict theorists can look at how some parents socialize children to consider girls less valuable than boys by requiring girls to wash dishes after dinner, but allowing boys to go outside to play. They can also look at howShow MoreRelatedReaction Paper on Personality Thoery1037 Words   |  5 Pagesfounder of psychoanalytic theory was  Sigmund Freud. While his theories were considered shocking at the time and continue to create debate and controversy, his work had a profound influence on a number of disciplines, including psychology, sociology, anthropology, literature, and art. The term  psychoanalysis  is used to refer to many aspects of Freud’s work and research, including Freudian therapy and the research methodology he used to develop his theories. Freud relied heavily upon his observations andRead MoreThe Picture of Dorian Grey by Oscar Wilde768 Words   |  3 Pagesthe original tripartite and Freud expanded on it in 1923. 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Freuds theory of psychoanalysis focuses on the unconscious aspects of personality. His theoriesRead MoreSigmund Freud s Theory Of Psychology And Psychology1073 Words   |  5 Pages06/27/2014 Sigmund Freud Sigmund Freud is considered to be the most important figures in the field of psychiatry and psychology. His ideas about psychoanalysis were developed in the 1800’s but are still being used today in the mental health field (www.studymode.com). Sigmund Freud was one of the pioneers/innovator of modern-day psychology. â€Å"As the originator of psychoanalysis, Freud distinguished himself as an intellectual giant.† (www.muskingum.edu)Read MoreSigmund Freuds Psychodynamic Theory and Crime1198 Words   |  5 Pagesdeveloped by Sigmund Freud in the late 1800’s and has gained increasing popularity in the history of criminality (Siegel, 2005). Freud believed that every individual carries â€Å"[the] residue of the most significant emotional attachments of our childhood, which then guides our future interpersonal relationships† (Siegel). Freud theorized that the personality is a three-part structure made up of the id, ego, and super ego. These three components work together in creating a behavior. The id creates the demandsRead MoreThe Eternal Internal Conflict Of The Crucible By Arthur Miller1362 Words   |  6 PagesInternal Conflict Sigmund Freud laid an elaborate framework for modern psychology in the early twentieth century, and his principles have resonated throughout time. In fact, the respected American Psychoanalytic Association still discusses Sigmund Freud and his work, despite it being almost a century old (Landau 2). Psychotherapist Avinash De Sousa writes, â€Å"...one must admit that no other therapist ever constructed a conceptual and metatheoretical framework like Freud did† (3). Thus, his theoryRead MoreSigmund Freud s Theory Of Psychology1233 Words   |  5 Pages Sigmund Freud is the idealist that concepted the idea of verbal psychotherapy, Freudian Psychology. His theories of psychoanalysis are based upon understand the unconscious mind. His ideals portray that there are three key components that are responsible for a human beings personality. These components include id, ego and superego. Freud s major contributions to todays society and study of psychology are his theories on the unc onscious mind, dreams, libido, infantile sexuality, repression and transferenceRead MorePsychological ( Freudian ) Theory Research Paper1442 Words   |  6 Pages Tabitha Notgrass Notgrass 1 Mrs. Almack AP English 1 October 2014 Psychological (Freudian) Theory Research Paper Sigmund Freud was a neurologist who became known as the father of psychoanalysis. Freud is known for his numerous theories, such as Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory of Personality (Freudian Theory). In Freudian theory, the mind is structured into two parts: the unconscious and the conscious. The unconscious mind consists of all things that are outside of our awareness such asRead MoreSigmund Freud : Influences On Developmental Psychology1028 Words   |  5 PagesNovember 2014 Sigmund Freud: Influences in Developmental Psychology Sigmund Freud was one of the most influential psychologists in the history of the profession. He was influential in human psychological development and in the treatment of atypical mental conditions. In this paper Freud’s studies and contributions will be researched and shown how they influenced developmental psychology as we understand it today. Sigmund Freud was born in 1856 in Friedberg, Moravia. Freud considered himself aRead MoreSigmund Freud s Theory Of Psychology930 Words   |  4 Pagesconsidered one of the most influential and also one of the most controversial person in the history of psychology. This individual is Sigmund Freud, an Austrian man born in 1856, who advanced the field of psychology through his research and observations about the human mind and behavior along with developing a branch of psychology, called psychoanalysis. As a result, Freud is commonly referred to as the â€Å"Father of Psychoanalysis†, in which psychoanalysis describes Freud’s theories and techniques to treat

The Cultural Niche Why Social Learning Is Essential For...

Robert Boyd, Peter J. Richerson and Joseph Henrich in their article: The Cultural niche: Why social learning is essential for human adaptation, suggest that the human inhabitants had been successfully increasing more than any other species on earth, not only because humans are smarter than any other species, but mainly because humans have the particular capacity to learn from other and transmit that knowledge to the next generations. The cultural niche: the ability to observe, to learn from other, and imitate give to humans a very important advantage over other animals. We had been using that knowledge to survive in a harsh environment. Culture is crucial for the adaptation of humans to their environment. (Culture is essential for human adaptation) The Central Inuit survive in the Arctic thanks to what they learned from their ancestors: the language, the new discoveries, and designs they implemented to the everyday activities such as the use of caribou skin to stay warm, the construc tion of snow houses, the use of soap stone lamps, the hunting of seals, the making baskets, predicting storms and travel on ice. Cultural adaptation is a social process. (generations) (Miss Brill)(Cultural adaptation is a population process).(require contacto social) The Central Inuit lived in communities, they interact with each other, learn from older generations, and as a group, they do not rely on individual knowledge but in a collective learning that allows them to improve their artifactsShow MoreRelatedThe Problem Of Human Development1536 Words   |  7 PagesExperts have spent centuries attempting to obtain the secrets of human development and identify the exact science behind it. 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Lust for Power; Destruction of Humanity Free Essays

Lust for Power; Destruction of Humanity â€Å"Power†, the literal meaning of this word is â€Å"control†. Unfortunately, we are living in a world where the lust for power has resulted in the destruction of humanity. From the lower class clerks to the industrialists of the highest class, everyone is involved in a race, a race to get to the top. We will write a custom essay sample on Lust for Power; Destruction of Humanity or any similar topic only for you Order Now And they are willing to use any means to get there. Leg pulling has become a culture now a days, no one can digest anyone else’s success. Everybody is blinded by this hunger for attaining power. Take any one; a student can do anything to get an A in his finals, even if it may involve sabotaging his fellow students’ work. A country can go to unthinkable extents to get to the top, even if has to take down another country and kill numerous of innocent people. In our country, â€Å"Pakistan†, we are going through the same phase. Every day we see T. V shows where politicians are busy shouting and yelling, blaming other politicians, fighting just to get power and get a hold of our country’s treasury, or at least what’s left of it. No one really cares about the people; everyone is just interested in making their own lives better. We kill, we destroy, and we hurt the feelings of other human’s, just to satisfy our hunger. Is this what we have been taught? Are these our moral and social ethics? Is this what our Religion has guided us to do? No it is totally against everything. But we are all too busy thinking about our wants and we forget that we are humans. We have figuratively turned into cannibals. If this keeps up, very rightly man himself will become the reason for the extinction of his own self! How to cite Lust for Power; Destruction of Humanity, Papers

Thomas More Essays (514 words) - Anglican Saints,

Thomas More At the last debating whereof he made such arguments and reasons there against, that the King's demands were thereby overthrown. So that one of the King's privy chamber, named Mr. Tyler, being present thereat, brought word to the King out of the Parliament house, that a beardless boy had disappointed all his purposes. Whereupon the King conceiving great indignation towards him could not be satisfied until he had some way revenged it. And forasmuch as he nothing having, nothing could lose, his grace devised a causeless quarrel against his Father, keeping him in the Tower until he had paid him an hundred pounds fine. Shortly hereupon it fortuned that this Sir Thomas More coming in a suit to Dr. Fox, Bishop of Winchester, one of the King's privy council, they called him aside, and pretending great favour towards him, promised him that if he would be ruled by him, he would not fail but into the King's favour again to restore him, meaning, as it was after conjectured, to cause him thereby to confess his offence against the King, whereby his Highness might with better colour have occasion to revenge his displeasure against him. But when he came from the Bishop, he fell in communication with one Mr. Witford, his familiar friend, then chaplain to that Bishop and after a Father of Sion, and showed him what the Bishop had said unto him, desiring to have his advice therein, who for the passion of God prayed him in no wise to follow his counsel "for my Lord my Master (quoth he) to serve the King's turn will not stick to agree to his own father's death." So Sir Thomas More returned to the Bishop no more when Sir Thomas More had remained in the Tower a little more than a month, my wife, longing to see her father, by her earnest suit at length gat leave to go to him. At whose coming (after the seven psalms and litany said, which whensoever she came to him, ere he fell in talk of any worldly matters, he used accustomably to say with her) among other communication he said unto her, prolific letter writer Since More was a practising lawyer and politician for most of his adult life he was allowed to correspond with his eldest daughter Margaret Roper (who was also allowed to visit him in prison) Within two weeks of More's death (6 July 1535), an eye-witness account of More's final trial and execution written , for a different view of the relationships between the various accounts of More's execution.] More served Henry faithfully in some of the most trying times the English court has ever known, and when he refused to attend Anne Boleyn's coronation ceremony he knew what was in store. He was later requested to take an oath acknowledging Henry the supreme head of the Church in England, and when he (as a loyal Roman Catholic) refused he was tried and convicted of treason. This essay has indicated that the humanists were concerned with developing a noble style in their oral and written communication. They were also concerned with their style of behavior. They valued witty behavior, and especially a witty jest ; and they immensely.

101 Intro to Research Professor Ramos Blog

101 Intro to Research Quick Write Quick Write How would you feel if someone used your ideas or work without giving you credit? Intro to Research Scholarly research is research that is published by people with specialized knowledge on what they are researching. It is peer reviewed, reviewed by other researchers and specialist in the field, and is generally trustworthy. Blogs, Newspapers, Magazines are not Scholarly but are popular sources. ProCon.org  No subscription needed. Good place to look at the main issues around a topic. Occupational Outlook Handbook  The OOH can help you find career information on duties, education and training, pay, and outlook for hundreds of occupations. Google Scholar  Google academic database search. Great place to start. Do not use Wikipedia. Smart Searching Keywords are the words you use to search for information about a topic. Effective keywords produce good search results. Report Purpose and Topic Answer questions. Review what is already known about a subject. Report new knowledge. Quick Write Food

Timeline and History of Chocolate and the Cocoa Bean

Timeline and History of Chocolate and the Cocoa Bean Chocolate has a long and fascinating past, as delicious as its taste. Heres a timeline of notable dates in its history! 1500 BC-400 BC: The Olmec Indians are believed to be the first to grow cocoa beans as a domestic crop.250 to 900 CE: The consumption of cocoa beans was restricted to the Mayan societys elite, in the form of an unsweetened cocoa drink made from the ground beans.AD 600: Mayans migrate into northern regions of South America establishing earliest known cocoa plantations in the Yucatan.14th Century: The drink became popular among the Aztec upper classes who usurped the cocoa beverage from the Mayans and were the first to tax the beans. The Aztecs called it xocalatl meaning warm or bitter liquid.1502: Columbus encountered a great Mayan trading canoe in Guanaja carrying cocoa beans as cargo.1519: Spanish explorer Hernando Cortez recorded the cocoa usage in the court of Emperor Montezuma.1544: Dominican friars took a delegation of Kekchi Mayan nobles to visit Prince Philip of Spain. The Mayans brought gift jars of beaten cocoa, mixed and ready to drink. Spain and Portugal did not export the beloved drink to the rest of Europe for nearly a century. 16th Century Europe: The Spanish began to add cane sugar and flavorings such as vanilla to their sweet cocoa beverages.1570: Cocoa gained popularity as a medicine and aphrodisiac.1585: First official shipments of cocoa beans began arriving in Seville from Vera Cruz, Mexico.1657: The first chocolate house was opened in London by a Frenchman. The shop was called The Coffee Mill and Tobacco Roll. Costing 10 to 15 shillings per pound, chocolate was considered a beverage for the elite class.1674: Eating solid chocolate was introduced in the form of chocolate rolls and cakes served in chocolate emporiums.1730: Cocoa beans had dropped in price from $3 per pound to a price within the financial reach of those other than the very wealthy.1732: French inventor, Monsieur Dubuisson invented a table mill for grinding cocoa beans.1753: Swedish naturalist, Carolus Linnaeus was dissatisfied with the word cocoa, so renamed it theobroma, Greek for food of the gods.1765: Chocolate was introduced to the United States when Irish chocolate-maker John Hanan imported cocoa beans from the West Indies into Dorchester, Massachusetts, to refine them with the help of American Dr. James Baker. The pair soon after built Americas first chocolate mill and by 1780, the mill was making the famous BAKERS  ® chocolate. 1795: Dr. Joseph Fry of Bristol, England, employed a steam engine for grinding cocoa beans, an invention that led to the manufacture of chocolate on a large factory scale.1800: Antoine Brutus Menier built the first industrial manufacturing facility for chocolate.1819: The pioneer of Swiss chocolate-making, Franà §ois Louis Callier, opened the first Swiss chocolate factory.1828: The invention of the cocoa press, by Conrad Van Houten, helped cut prices and improve the quality of chocolate by squeezing out some of the cocoa butter and giving the beverage a smoother consistency. Conrad Van Houten patented his invention in Amsterdam and his alkalizing process became known as Dutching. Several years earlier, Van Houten was the first to add alkaline salts to powdered cocoa to make it mix better with water.1830: A form of solid eating chocolate was developed by Joseph Fry Sons, a British chocolate maker.1847: Joseph Fry Son discovered a way to mix some of the cocoa butter back into the Du tched chocolate, and added sugar, creating a paste that could be molded. The result was the first modern chocolate bar. 1849: Joseph Fry Son and Cadbury Brothers displayed chocolates for eating at an exhibition in Bingley Hall, Birmingham, England.1851: Prince Alberts Exposition in London was the first time that Americans were introduced to bonbons, chocolate creams, hand candies (called boiled sweets), and caramels.1861: Richard Cadbury created the first known heart-shaped candy box for Valentines Day.1868: John Cadbury mass-marketed the first boxes of chocolate candies.1876: Daniel Peter of Vevey, Switzerland, experimented for eight years before finally inventing a means of making milk chocolate for eating.1879: Daniel Peter and Henri Nestlà © joined together to form the Nestlà © Company.1879: Rodolphe Lindt of Berne, Switzerland, produced smoother and creamier chocolate that melted on the tongue. He invented the conching machine. To conch meant to heat and roll chocolate in order to refine it. After chocolate had been conched for seventy-two hours and had more cocoa butter added to it, it was po ssible to create chocolate fondant and other creamy forms of chocolate. 1897: The first known published recipe for chocolate brownies appeared in the Sears and Roebuck Catalogue.1910: Canadian, Arthur Ganong marketed the first nickel chocolate bar. William Cadbury urged several English and American companies to join him in refusing to buy cacao beans from plantations with poor labor conditions.1913: Swiss confectioner  Jules Sechaud of Montreux introduced a machine process for manufacturing filled chocolates.1926: Belgian chocolatier, Joseph Draps starts the Godiva Company to compete with Hersheys and Nestles American market. Special thanks go to John Bozaan for the additional research.

Operations and Materials Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Operations and Materials Management - Essay Example Companies keep on upgrading themselves to gain competitive edge and keep up with changing demands and preferences of consumers. This paper is to observe and analyze the operations and materials management of three firms- McDonalds, world wide chain of fast food restaurant; Panda Express, a fast food Asian cuisine restaurant; Wendy’s, quick service hamburger company. Â   All the three companies have a well set operations management that focuses on acquiring the raw material cost effectively; process the raw material to make it ready to bring it out to the shelf for the final use by consumer. This is typical of the Wendy’s operations and its business strategy (Stevenson, 1996). The common thing about the three large firms is that all three have well planned and strategically designed Standard Operating Procedures in addition to their indigenous solution in relation to the nature of industry they are thriving in. In order to avoid huge amount of capital investment in acqu iring and building the infrastructure, McDonalds and Panda Express sells franchisee to local investors. McDonalds is a fast food restaurant catering to all classes of consumers across its chain of set ups globally; it relies on providing fresh food to its consumers in the quickest time possible. The key to its success globally irrespective of the geographical or cultural barriers has been its use of Just In Time (JIT) inventory management system. This system keeps a complete track of the available stock against the current and future demand of the raw material. It helps avoiding overstocking and under stocking at any given time; thus, ensuring healthy and fresh food for consumers (MacDonald, 2000, p. 263). The McDonalds’ management strategically makes a decision on keeping the labor cost low by scheduling the roster as per the store rush depending on peak and non-peak hours. Scheduling of staff roster is one strategy that has been found to be common to all the three companies being analyzed. In all the cases, there is a team of trained staff, where each member is not only specialized to perform a specific task, but also trained to handle more tasks at the same time in case they are required to do so. The companies encourage multi-tasking at their establishments. It helps in scheduling the roster on the basis of peak and non-peak hours; as the staff strength is generally kept low during the non-peak hours, which requires every team member to handle more than just their specific task. On the other hand, during the non-peak hours the work force at all the three firms is so stationed that one individual handles one desk that he specializes in. The well planned and consistent operation process across their chain of establishments and trained staff ensures low cost and improve the overall efficiency. The operating systems adopted by the three firms are primarily the same irrespective of the level an employee holds in the organization. Costs associated with op erations maintenance and monitoring in a company can generally be put under five different headers, which are plant, inventory, labor, raw materials, and distribution. All the costs associated with a company can broadly be classified into two categories, fixed costs and variable costs. As the terms imply, fixed costs are the ones that are incurred irrespective of the running status of a firm and variable costs are ones that are incurred at various stages of operations, like equipment maintenances, labor costs, plant